New York State Wage Theft Prevention Act
Wage Theft Prevention Act Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)
The Wage Theft Prevention Act, which goes into effect April 9, 2011, amends the notice of wage rate requirements and expands the civil and criminal remedies that are available when employers fail to comply with these provisions.
Section 195 of the Labor Law, as amended by the Act, requires that employers provide notice to employees of their rate(s) of pay, designated pay day, the employer’s intent to claim allowances (like tip or meal allowances) as part of the minimum wage, and the basis of wage payment (whether paying by hour, shift, day, week, piece, etc.). The law requires that the notice contain the employer’s “doing business as” names, and that it be provided at the time of hiring, annually on or before February 1st of each year of employment, and within 7 days of a change if the change is not listed on the employee’s pay stub for the following pay period. The notice must be provided in the employee’s primary language, as identified by the employee, through translated notices provided by the Department of Labor. Those notice templates are below.
The Act also amends the recordkeeping and statutory payroll record and paystub requirements to include information currently required pursuant to regulation, and requires employers to maintain copies of payroll records for six years (as is currently required by regulation).
The Act clarifies and expands the Department of Labor’s authority to enforce the Labor Law, and expands an employee’s ability to bring complaints and private actions for such violations.
The protection against prohibited retaliation is strengthened by closing loopholes on what actions constitute retaliation and expands the remedies available to employees.
Based upon inquiries received by the Department in anticipation of the Act’s effective date, the following are frequently asked questions regarding the Notice requirements of the Wage Theft Prevention Act:
1. Q: What is the Wage Theft Prevention Act?
A: A new law, effective April 9, 2011, gives greater protection to workers, and makes changes in the way they are notified of their pay rates and receive wage statements.
2. Q: Who is covered by the law?
A: All private sector employers are covered. If you have employees who work in other states they are not covered. Federal, state and local government employers are also
not covered, but it is important to note that charter schools, private schools, and not-for-profit corporations are covered, as they are not public entities.
3. Q: What does the law require?
A: Workers have to receive yearly pay notices, proper wage statements, and be free from retaliation for complaining about possible violations of the Labor Law.
4. Q: What is required in the pay notice given to workers?
A: The Notice must contain the following information:
The employee’s rate(s) of pay;
The basis of the employee’s rate(s) of pay (e.g. by the hour, shift, day, week, salary,piece, commission, or other);
Whether the employer intends to claim allowances as part of the minimum wage, including tip, meal, or lodging allowances, and the amount of those allowances;
The employee’s regular pay day designated by the employer in accordance with the frequency of pay requirements in the Labor Law1;
The name of the employer and any “doing business as” names used by the employer;
The physical address of the employer’s main office or principal place of business, and a mailing address if different; The telephone number of the employer;
Any “such other information as the commissioner deems material and necessary.”
5. Q: What if a worker’s primary language is not English?
A: Notices need to be given in a worker’s primary language if the Department of Labor provides notice templates in that language. Otherwise the notice need only be
provided in English. Those template are available on our website, below.
6. Q: For what languages will the Department provide templates?
A: Templates will be available in English, Spanish, Chinese, Korean, Creole, Polish and Russian. They will cover a number of likely situations companies may face. You can choose the one which meets your needs.
7. Q: Do I have to use the Department’s templates?
A: No, employers can develop their own notices so long as they contain all the information required by the law.
8. Q: When are pay notices required?
A: Notices are required at the time of hire, yearly between January 1 and February 1, Section 191 of the New York State Labor Law regulates how frequently an employee must be paid. Under that Section, “manual workers” must be paid on a weekly basis, “clerical and other workers,” must be paid according to the terms of their employment agreement and “not less frequently than semi-monthly on regular pay days designated in advance by the employer,” “railroad workers” must be paid on or before Thursday of each week the
wages earned during the seven-day period ending in Tuesday of the preceding week; “commission salespersons” must be paid in accordance with their agreed terms of employment but not less frequently than once in each month and not later than the last day of the month following the month in which the wages are earned; and
employees employed in a “bona fide executive, administrative or professional capacity whose earnings are in excess of nine hundred dollars a week” must be paid according to the terms of their employment contract. and when there are changes in the information on the pay notices.
9. Q: When is the first yearly notice required to be given?
A: Between January 1 and February 1 of 2012.
10. Q: Can I give a notice at other times of the year to satisfy the yearly requirement?
A: No.
11. Q: May the notice be included in letters and/or employment agreements provided
to new hires?
A: Yes, but must be on its own form.
12. Q: I have a seasonal business. If a worker is on layoff between January 1 and
February 1, when is the annual notice required?
A: As soon as the worker first returns from layoff. Only one annual notice needs to be
given.
13. Q: Can a worker waive the notice requirement?
A: No.
14. Q: Can the notice be given electronically?
A: Yes, but their needs to be a system where the worker can acknowledge the receipt of
the notice and print out a copy of the notice.
15. Q: What if a worker refuses to sign the notice?
A: The employer should still give the notice to the worker and note the worker’s refusal
on its copy of the notice.
16. Q: Do employers have to keep a copy of the notice?
A: Yes. Notices must be kept for six years and be available to the Department upon
request.
17. Q: Do I have to give a new notice every time a wage rate changes?
A: Except for the employers in the hospitality industry, notice is not required where there
is an increase in a rate and the new rate is shown on the next payment of wages.
For any reduction of wage rate, an employee must be notified in writing prior
to the reduction being implemented. Employers in the hospitality industry currently need to give a new notice every time a wage rate changes.
18. Q: What procedures should be followed if an employee has multiple pay rates?
A: An employer must put all pay rates on the wage statement.
19. Q: Does a new notice need to be given each year even if none of the information
has changed?
A: Yes.
20. Q: Do workers exempt from state overtime requirements still need to get a pay
notice?
A: Yes.
21. Q: Does the employer have to identify the specific state exemption for workers
exempt from overtime requirements?
A: No.
22. Q: What should we do if the worker has multiple hourly or piece rates?
A: The purpose of the notice is to inform workers of the wage rates that apply to them.
Multiple rates need to be identified either on the notice or on a separate sheet
attached to the notice. Only the rates used to determine a worker’s pay need be
shown on the wage statement for that period.
23. Q: What about salespersons whose wages are all or partially based on
commissions?
A: Labor Law section 191.1c already requires commission salespersons to receive and
sign for a copy of their commission agreement. This agreement should be attached
to the pay notice and a copy of each document kept by the employer.
24. Q: What if I have a bonus or incentive plan on a weekly or less frequent time
period?
A: So long as the employee initially was given a description or it is clearly shown on the
wage statement for the period in which it is paid, no additional notice is required.
25. Q: What about retroactive wage increases?
A: The amounts need to be noted separately on the wage statement for the period in
which it is paid.
26. Q: Does the notice requirement apply to workers covered by a union contract?
A: Yes. Union contracts may cover wage rates for multiple titles and not give the
specific pay date or other information required by the law. Individual workers need to
have notices of the wage rates that apply to them.
27. Q: Are exempt employees, including professionals, executives, or administrators,
excluded from the notice requirements?
A: No. Since Section 195 does not contain any exclusions or exemptions from the
notice requirements, the notice requirements in Section 195 apply to all employees
regardless of their exempt status.
28. Q: What is the penalty for not giving proper notice?
A: Employers can be assessed damages by the Department of $50.00 per week per
worker if proper notice is not given.
29. Q: Can a worker sue for damages on his/her own?
A: Yes, but the maximum amount an individual worker can recover is $2,500.00.
30. Q: How often must wage statements be given?
A: A statement must be given with each payment of wages.
31. Q: In addition to those items previously required on wage statements such as
wage rates, hours worked, gross wages, allowances and deductions taken and net
wages paid are there any new requirements?
A: Yes. The statement has to show the name, address and phone number of the
employer as well as the beginning and ending date for the period covered by that
payment.
32. Q: Can wage statements be provided electronically?
A: Yes, but workers must be able to access their statements on a computer provided by
the employer and be able to print a copy for their records.
33. Q: Will the Department of Labor provide a model wage statement for employers to
use?
A: Because wage statement entries will vary greatly from employer to employer, the
Department will prepare a sample statement showing types of entries which may be necessary.
34. Q: What is the penalty for not providing a proper wage statement?
A: Employers can be assessed changes by the Department of $100.00 per week per
worker if proper wage statements are not given.
35. Q: Can a worker sue for not receiving a proper wage statement?
A: Yes, but damages are capped at $2,500.00 per worker.
36. Q: What is retaliation?
A: Any action which negatively affects workers such as discharge, suspension, transfer
to another shift, reduction in wages or hours, which is done because a worker has
engaged in a protected activity. Even threatening an employee can be considered
retaliation.
37. Q: What are some of these protected activities?
A: Employees have the right to complain to their employer, the Department of Labor, or
the Attorney General about a possible violation of the Labor Law and regulations
issued under it. They can file a complaint about these possible violations and give
information about their conditions of employment to the Department or Attorney
General and testify at hearings or other proceedings.
38. Q: Does there really have to be a violation for the worker to be protected?
A: No. If the worker has a good faith belief that there is a problem in the workplace,
their activities are protected.
39. Q: What happens if I am accused of retaliation?
A: The Department will discuss the accusation with you and give you a chance to prove
that the negative action was not a result of the workers exercising their rights.
40. Q: What are the penalties for retaliation?
A: Employers or their agents can be fined up to $10,000 and assessed another $10,000
in liquidated damages. The Department can also request reinstatement of the
worker and/or compensation for lost wages. There are also potential criminal
penalties but those would be prosecuted by an agency other than DOL.
41. Q: What if I have any other questions about the Wage Theft Prevention Act?
A: You can email your questions to [email protected] We will address your
concerns in a timely manner.